
Introduction
Have you ever wondered why some tattoos look crisp and clean, while others fade or blur over time? It’s not just about the design—it’s about how well the tattoo gun is used. One of the biggest mistakes new artists make is going too shallow or too deep with the needle. Hitting the wrong depth can lead to a tattoo fading too quickly or, worse, causing scarring. Getting the needle just right—usually 1.5 to 2 millimeters deep into the skin—makes all the difference in creating lasting and vibrant tattoos.
For beginners and even seasoned pros, mastering the tattoo gun is essential. Whether you’re just starting or looking to sharpen your skills, understanding how to properly set up, adjust, and handle your machine is key to delivering top-quality work. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything from setting the right needle depth to perfecting your linework and shading. Ready to level up your tattoo game? Let’s get started!Understanding how to properly set up, adjust, and handle your machine is crucial for delivering top-quality work, whether you’re just starting or want to improve your skills.

What Is a Tattoo Gun?
A tattoo gun, also known as a tattoo machine, is a tool that turns your design ideas into permanent body art. It’s not just a simple tool, though—it’s a finely tuned instrument designed to push ink into the skin with precision. If you’re new to tattooing or even experienced, knowing how this machine works and understanding its parts is crucial for delivering high-quality tattoos every time.
Key Parts and Functions of a Tattoo Gun
A modern tattoo gun is made up of several critical components that each serve an important function:
- Needle: This is the part that physically deposits ink into the skin. Needles come in different sizes depending on the type of tattoo you’re doing, such as shading or outlining.
- Armature Bar: This is the part of the machine that moves the needle up and down, allowing the ink to penetrate the skin. The armature bar works in sync with the coils of the tattoo gun to create the necessary motion.
- Tube: The tube holds the needle and guides it as it moves. It also provides a grip for the artist to hold onto while working, which is key for control and accuracy.
- Electromagnetic Coils: These are what power the gun. The electromagnetic coils create a magnetic field that moves the armature bar and needle up and down, giving the machine its characteristic buzz.
Each part works together to make sure the tattoo gun can transfer the ink correctly into the skin. And here’s where things get interesting: the needle goes about 1.5 to 2 millimeters deep into the skin. That’s just enough to reach the dermis, which is where the ink needs to sit for a permanent design. Go any deeper, and you risk causing scarring or what’s known as “blow-out,” which can distort the design. Too shallow, and the tattoo won’t last because the outer layer of skin (epidermis) naturally sheds over time.

How Does a Tattoo Gun Work?
When the gun is powered up, the electromagnetic coils move the armature bar and needle rapidly. The needle penetrates the skin in an oscillating motion, pushing ink from the ink caps through the tube and into the dermis. The ink settles below the epidermis, which ensures the tattoo’s longevity since the outer layer of skin continuously renews itself. If the ink doesn’t reach the dermis, the tattoo might fade quickly, as the epidermis sloughs off over time.
Quick Tip: Set Your Needle Depth Correctly
Always set the needle to no more than 2 millimeters beyond the entry point of the tattoo gun. If you’re unsure, practice on something like fruit skin (or synthetic skin) to get a feel for it. Too deep can lead to scarring, while too shallow might give you a less vibrant tattoo.
Understanding How Deep Tattoo Ink Goes
When using a tattoo gun, getting the ink to the right depth is one of the most critical aspects of tattooing. Tattoo ink needs to be placed 1.5 to 2 millimeters into the skin to ensure the tattoo stays vibrant and doesn’t fade quickly. But why is this depth so important, and what happens if you go too shallow or too deep?
Tattoo Gun and Skin Depth: Hitting the Dermis Layer
The skin is made up of multiple layers, but tattoo ink needs to reach the dermis. The dermis is the middle layer of skin, sitting right beneath the epidermis (outer layer). The dermis doesn’t shed like the epidermis, which is why ink that reaches this layer stays put for a long time. When you’re using a tattoo gun, you need to make sure the needle is going about 1.5 to 2 millimeters deep, right into the dermis.
Here’s a quick breakdown of what happens when you adjust the depth:
- Too Shallow: If the ink only reaches the epidermis, it will fade quickly as this outer layer of skin sheds and renews itself over time. You might notice the tattoo becoming faint or patchy within weeks.
- Too Deep: If you go beyond the dermis into the subcutaneous layer, you’re likely to cause blow-out scars. This happens when ink spreads out under the skin, creating a blurred or “smeared” effect. Not only does this ruin the appearance of the tattoo, but it can also lead to unnecessary pain and scarring.
Effects on Pain, Bleeding, and Healing
The depth of the tattoo also affects how painful the process is, as well as the amount of bleeding and how the tattoo heals. If you’re using the tattoo gun correctly and keeping the depth within the 1.5 to 2 millimeter range, here’s what you can expect:
- Pain: Tattooing is painful because the needle is penetrating the skin. The deeper the needle goes, the more painful it will be. Staying within the dermis minimizes unnecessary pain and discomfort. Different areas of the body will also feel different levels of pain based on how much fat and muscle are present.
- Bleeding: If you go too deep, you’re more likely to hit blood vessels, leading to excessive bleeding. Normal tattooing should involve some minor bleeding, but nothing excessive. If there’s a lot of blood, it could be a sign that the needle is going too deep.
- Healing: Tattoos need time to heal properly, and keeping the depth correct will promote faster healing. Shallow tattoos might heal quickly but will fade, while deep tattoos could result in infections or slow healing times due to the damage caused by going too deep.
Pro Tip: Practice Makes Perfect
If you’re new to tattooing, you can practice getting the right depth on synthetic skin or fruit, like grapefruits or oranges. These surfaces mimic human skin in a way that allows you to build confidence with your tattoo gun without the risks of blow-out scars or shallow tattoos.
Essential Tools and Equipment for Tattooing
When it comes to mastering the art of tattooing, having the right tools and equipment is crucial. A quality tattoo gun is only the start; understanding the different components, like needles and power sources, is just as important for ensuring your work is both professional and safe.
Tattoo Gun: The Heart of Every Tattoo
The tattoo gun, often referred to as a tattoo machine, is the primary tool for applying ink to the skin. It holds the needle in place, ensuring that ink is deposited into the dermis layer (as we mentioned earlier). Modern tattoo guns can be coil or rotary machines, each having its pros and cons. Coil machines offer more control and precision, while rotary machines tend to be quieter and easier to handle, especially for beginners.
The key is to find a machine that feels comfortable in your hand and works well with the types of tattoos you want to create. Whether you’re working with lining or shading, the tattoo gun is the core tool that defines the flow of your work.


Needles: Sizes, Gauges, and Their Uses
When it comes to tattoo needles, not all are created equal. Depending on the tattoo’s design and complexity, you’ll need to choose the right needle size and gauge to get the job done. Tattoo needles are grouped by gauge size and come in different configurations, such as round liners (RL), round shaders (RS), magnums (M1, M2), and flats (F). Each of these serves a specific purpose:
- Round Liners (RL): Best for creating sharp, precise lines.
- Round Shaders (RS): Used for shading and filling smaller areas.
- Magnums (M1, M2): Designed for shading larger areas, they hold more ink and cover more skin in one pass.
- Flats (F): Great for bold lines or intricate patterns.
Needle gauge typically ranges from 8 gauge to 12 gauge, which refers to the thickness of the needle. Here’s a quick guide:
- 8 gauge needles are thinner and more suited for finer details and delicate shading.
- 10 gauge needles strike a good balance between detail and ink flow.
- 12 gauge needles are thicker, designed for filling in larger areas and producing bolder lines.
If you want to learn all there is to know about tattoo needles, check out this blog post: What Are the Different Types of Tattoo Needles? It’s got all the info you need.
Pro Tip: Understanding Needle Groupings
For beginners, it’s important to remember that larger groupings of needles, like magnums or round shaders, can deposit more ink quickly, which is great for shading. On the other hand, round liners are better for fine, intricate details where precision is key.



Power Sources: Analog vs. Digital
Without a reliable power source, your tattoo gun won’t function correctly. Power supplies regulate the flow of electricity to the machine, controlling how fast or slow the needle moves. There are analog and digital power sources, both offering different benefits:
- Analog Power Sources: These are the traditional style, using a dial to adjust the voltage. They’re more affordable and tend to be simpler to operate, making them ideal for beginners.
- Digital Power Sources: More advanced, digital power sources allow you to precisely control the voltage using digital readouts, which is helpful for more experienced artists who need exact settings.
Regardless of whether you use analog or digital, most tattoo guns operate within a range of 4 to 12 volts, depending on whether you’re lining (lower voltage) or shading (higher voltage). Adjusting your voltage correctly will ensure that the needle runs smoothly, helping to avoid unnecessary skin trauma or uneven ink distribution.
Key Voltage Settings for Tattoo Guns
- Lining: 6-8 volts
- Shading: 8-10 volts
Having a solid understanding of these voltage settings will make your work cleaner, more precise, and ultimately less painful for the client.


Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Tattoo Gun
Learning to use a tattoo gun properly is the key to mastering the art of tattooing. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned artist, following a step-by-step approach ensures that your work is both professional and safe. Here’s a detailed guide to help you get started.
Step 1: Sterilize Equipment and Maintain Hygiene
Hygiene is the number one priority when tattooing. Sterilizing your equipment and maintaining a clean environment not only protects your client but also protects you from potential infections. Always wear sterile gloves when handling your tools and tattoo gun.
- Use an autoclave to sterilize metal equipment.
- Wipe down surfaces with disinfectant.
- Cover your tattoo gun with a protective sleeve to avoid contamination.
A clean workspace is non-negotiable, and maintaining this standard reduces the risk of infection for both you and your client.
Step 2: Assembling the Tattoo Gun
Setting up your tattoo gun correctly is crucial for a smooth session. Here’s what you’ll need:
- Needles: Choose the correct needle configuration based on your design (e.g., round liners for fine lines, magnums for shading).
- Tubes: The tube holds the needle and ink, guiding the needle as it moves.
- Armature Bar: This controls the needle’s movement.
How to Assemble Your Tattoo Gun:
- Insert the needle into the tube and secure it.
- Attach the tube to the tattoo gun.
- Fit the armature bar to the back of the machine, ensuring everything is tight and secure.
Taking time to correctly assemble the gun ensures your lines are smooth and even.

Step 3: Setting the Needle Length
The depth at which your needle enters the skin is extremely important. Typically, tattoo needles should be set to penetrate 1 to 2 millimeters into the skin. Going too shallow can result in a tattoo that fades too quickly, while going too deep can cause scarring or blow-outs.
- Outlining: Use a smaller needle (e.g., a 3 or 5 round liner) set to about 1.5mm depth for precision.
- Shading and Filling: Larger needle groupings (e.g., magnums) with a slightly deeper setting around 2mm are ideal for even ink distribution.
Always double-check your needle length before you begin to avoid causing unnecessary pain or trauma to the skin.
Step 4: Arranging Your Workspace
Before starting any tattoo, it’s essential to set up a well-organized workspace. Pre-arranging everything reduces mistakes and ensures you have all the tools you need at hand.
- Lay out disposable ink caps for the different colors you’ll use.
- Prepare your machine and needles.
- Have plenty of paper towels and cleaning supplies nearby.
When your workspace is properly organized, you’ll be able to work more efficiently and focus entirely on your client’s tattoo without unnecessary interruptions.

Step 5: Preparing the Ink
Before starting the tattoo, prepare the ink by filling small disposable caps with your chosen colors. This is where having a good organization comes into play, as it helps you keep track of what you’re using.
- Always pour ink into single-use ink caps to avoid cross-contamination.
- Arrange your ink colors in the order you’ll use them, starting with the lighter shades.
Remember to discard any unused ink after the session—never reuse ink from previous clients as this can cause cross-contamination.
Step 6: Testing Your Tattoo Gun
Before tattooing on skin, it’s always a good idea to test your tattoo gun to ensure it’s running smoothly. A common way to practice is by using synthetic skin or fruit (like an orange or grapefruit) to get a feel for the needle’s depth and control.
- If you’re new to tattooing or working on a specific design for the first time, practice on these surfaces to simulate real skin.
- Offer clients a skin test to check for any potential ink allergies, especially if they’ve never been tattooed before.
This step builds confidence in your equipment and reduces the risk of making mistakes on real skin.
By following these steps, you can ensure a smooth, efficient tattooing process while keeping your client safe and satisfied.

Safety Tips and Precautions for Using a Tattoo Gun
Safety isn’t something you can overlook when using a tattoo gun. Maintaining proper hygiene and following safety protocols are essential to prevent infections, cross-contamination, and other risks associated with tattooing.
Why Hygiene Is Critical: The Risk of Infection and Cross-Contamination
Tattooing involves breaking the skin, which makes both the client and the artist vulnerable to bacteria and infections. If your tattoo gun or workspace isn’t sterile, you could expose your client to serious health risks like infections or bloodborne diseases.
Key Hygiene Practices:
- Always wear sterile gloves and change them frequently, especially if you touch anything other than the sterile equipment.
- Use disposable needle cartridges and ensure every tool that touches the skin is either disposable or sterilized in an autoclave.
- Cover your tattoo gun with a machine bag to prevent cross-contamination.
Even simple things like touching your phone during a session without changing your gloves can lead to contamination. Keeping a clean environment protects everyone involved and ensures a smooth process.
Common Risks and How to Avoid Them
Tattooing has its risks, but most can be minimized or avoided if you follow best practices. Here are some of the most common risks and how to steer clear of them:
- Scarring: This often happens when the needle is set too deep or the tattoo gun is overused in a single area. To avoid this, ensure your needle depth is set correctly (typically 1.5 to 2mm) and don’t linger too long in one spot.
- Ink Allergies: Some clients may experience allergic reactions to certain tattoo inks. The best way to prevent this is by offering a skin test before the tattooing process begins, especially if it’s their first time or if you’re using a new brand of ink.
- Blowouts: A blowout occurs when the ink spreads underneath the skin, making the tattoo appear blurry or smeared. This is usually due to using too much pressure with the tattoo gun or setting the needle too deep. Pay attention to your technique and keep a light hand, particularly when working on sensitive areas.
By following these safety tips and paying close attention to hygiene, you can avoid these common mistakes and ensure your clients leave with both beautiful art and a healthy experience.


Conclusion
Mastering the art of using a tattoo gun boils down to a few crucial steps: understanding your equipment, maintaining a sterile environment, setting the needle depth correctly, and staying organized. These basics lay the foundation for creating amazing tattoos while keeping both you and your clients safe. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep honing your skills and applying what you’ve learned.
But don’t stop here! Tattooing is an ever-evolving art, and there’s always more to learn. Seeking professional training can take your skills from good to exceptional, helping you master advanced techniques and create stunning, intricate designs. Dive into the world of tattooing with enthusiasm, and who knows? You might just become the next big name in the industry. Keep your ink game strong!